Friday, March 17, 2006

Fallout

By The (liberal)Girl Next Door

I had an interesting question posed to me during the last Drinking Liberally podcast. With the polar ice caps melting and the environment in crisis, why are we focusing on abortion? In other words, if the country were suddenly underwater, what difference would it make whether or not women had access to abortion? My initial reaction to this question was to jump all over poor Gavin Shearer, who posed it. The first thing that ran through my mind was, if I am to be forced to surrender sovereignty over my own body to the government, then I’d rather drown in melting ice caps. I tend to focus on the most immediate threat first and with South Dakota banning all abortions in a clear attempt to force the issue up the ladder to the Supreme Court in the hopes of overturning Roe v. Wade, that felt at the time like the most immediate threat. Upon further reflection and without my knee jerking so fast it short circuits my reasoning, I understand the point Gavin was trying to make. But I still think there’s another environmental concern that trumps even global warming.

President Bush’s hometown paper, the Lone Star Iconoclast, has put together an amazing collection of articles and interviews shedding some much needed light on the use of depleted uranium in Iraq by U.S. forces. It is a sobering read, but well worth the time. Leading scientists from around the world agree that depleted uranium and low-level emissions from nuclear power plants are doing serious damage to the planet and its inhabitants. Rises in thyroid cancer, breast cancer even obesity and diabetes can be linked to the aerosol sized particles released from DU munitions and nuclear reactors that travel far and wide and are easily inhaled by people and animals and contaminate water and soil. The implications of this are frightening, yet few people know much about it.

Dr. Chris Busby, Ph.D., has served on the European Committee on Radiation Risk and recently completed a study that contends depleted uranium from the “shock and awe” start to the Iraq war, traveled all the way to Britain by means of wind currents. The evidence of this was found in higher levels of radiation that were recorded by the British government in the days following the initial strikes in Iraq and we know from Chernobyl that radioactive contaminants can crisscross the globe causing damage for years to come. Nothing in his study or in the opinions expressed by the other scientists came as much of a surprise. I think we all know in our bones that nuclear contamination is real and that even so-called “acceptable” amounts of low-level emissions from nuclear power plants have measurable negative impacts on those exposed. But what is surprising is how little is being done to minimize the impact, let alone eradicate it all together. Some European countries are taking action by converting their energy sources away from nuclear power and towards a variety of other, less harmful sources like wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. Here in America on the other hand, we are being urged in the direction of more nuclear power by our President and we, through the use of depleted uranium munitions around the world, continue to be the source of the problem, rather than the cure.

With news today that the US has launched the largest air assault since the beginning of the war, we should all be concerned about what those bombs being dropped are doing to the Iraqi people, but we should also recognize that there is likely to be very real and immediate blowback for us. There is little doubt that innocents will get caught in the crossfire which will only further damage our standing in the world, but beyond the political blowback, we are unleashing uranium aerosols that will travel far and wide and indiscriminately do damage to people, including us, and to the planet that we share. It is quite possible that the strikes on Iraq could easily meld into strikes on Iran. We keep hearing from our President that “all options are on the table” in regards to Iran, and we know what that is shorthand for. There have been reports that the US will use “tactical nukes” to take out Iranian nuclear facilities, and when I read that these nuclear weapons are safe, produce less fallout and reduce collateral damage, it somehow doesn’t quite ring true. If depleted uranium from conventional weapons can travel from Iraq to Britain, it seems likely that fallout from “tactical nukes” could have an even wider reach. I guess it comes down to what “collateral damage” means and how much of it is acceptable. I don’t imagine that what is acceptable to this administration in this regard would be acceptable to most Americans. I guess that’s why we’re not seeing much discussion about mini-nukes and depleted uranium on our televisions or reading about it in our hometown newspapers. Nothing new there, though, that’s for sure.

(Cross-posted at The (liberal)Girl Next Door.)

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5 Comments:

  • I am not sure if it's appropriate to consider the potential health risks from depleted uranium munitions dust and emissions from nuclear power plants as being roughly equivlent, but I will leave that to experts in the area of health physics.

    I also find the statement "I think we all know in our bones that nuclear contamination is real and that even so-called “acceptable” amounts of low-level emissions from nuclear power plants have measurable negative impacts on those exposed." to be more indicative of a fear of "radiation" as an all-killing boogey-man, rather than a balanced perspective of its place among the many environmental risks and issues that are out there. This is not to say the radiation can't kill people and produce other horrific consequences, as occurred at Chernobyl. On the other hand, TMI-related lawsuits are routinely thrown out of court due to lack of scientific evidence about the effects of its lower level releases.

    The writer should be aware that all humans are mildly radioactive (hot potassium isotopes in bananas is one source your body absorbs) and every plane flight she takes increases her external radiation exposure due to the heavier amounts of cosmic rays smacking the upper atmosphere. So blanket statements about radiation dangers don't really hang together very well. Radiation can perhaps best be compared in its health effects to alcohol - a little won't hurt, a moderate amount taken continously over a long period may cause some health problems, and a huge amount at once can kill you.

    James Aach

    Author of "Rad Decision" - the insider novel of nuclear power, avalable free at my website. See my homepage for reader comments.

    "I'd like to see Rad Decision widely read." - Stewart Brand, founder of The Whole Earth Catalog.

    By Blogger James Aach, at 1:09 PM  

  • I think your alcohol analogy is problematic, considering alcohol consumption is voluntary. Also, alcohol flows through and out of the body, doing its damage along the way. As I understand it, fine particulates, regardless of whether or not they include radiation, are so small that when they are inhaled or absorbed through the skin, they don’t come out and instead lodge themselves in whatever soft tissue is convenient.

    Fine particulates from any source, smoke, burning fuel, whatever, are major contributors to lung and heart disease. If you live near a nuclear power plant and you’re breathing and absorbing fine particulate emissions all day, every day, you’re likely to have health problems not affecting folks tens of thousands of miles away. I’m not a scientist, that’s just common sense.

    By Blogger The (liberal)Girl Next Door, at 9:11 PM  

  • I apologize in advance for my lengthy response ... you raise some interesting concerns.

    Your point regarding alcohol use being voluntary is a good one, as far as it goes (I'll get back to that). And from what I’ve read in science journals, you're correct about fine particulates being a health problem. (Also, depleted uranium dust from munitions may combine both particulate and radiation health issues – but I just don’t enough to comment on that.)

    However, you appear to be linking fine particulate emissions with nuclear power plants. This link is incorrect - - at least in the US / Western Europe designs in use. These plants don't release particulates in any quantity to speak of. (I was going to say they don't release any at all, but I try to avoid such generalizations.) Lack of particulate release is actually a real positive for western nuclear plants and is one of their “selling points”. These nuclear plants do, from time to time, release mildly radioactive gas and vapor, which isn't the same as particulate (you don't have the "lung-lodging" problem). Nuclear plants generally have a “smokestack” for that gas/vapor release, which may prompt some to erroneously think there is a steady, high volume stream of emissions. Some plants also have some periodic liquid emissions, again at a very low level (and different from airborne particulates). Another item that can confuse people is the plume of white mist that rises from some nuclear plants. This is clean, non-radioactive water vapor used in cooling and does not contain particulate matter. Coal plants often produce the same vapor, but they also - - even with modern pollution controls - - generate a steady stream of C02 mixed in with small particulates. These particulates, in total, account for a decent percentage of our air quality problems in the United States.

    Of course, the above discussion on nuclear plant emissions does not include the Chernobyl event, which dumped a lot of nasty radioactive particulate into the atmosphere, and also a couple of early plants in the UK in the 50's - 60s which had some "issues". There are also a couple of old US government bomb-making sites from the 50's- 60's that have had airborne dust concerns. (Current US power reactors, on the other hand, are civilian run and watched more closely than these areas.)

    So, overall, I'm afraid you are incorrect if you are linking US civilian nuclear plants with fine particulate emissions. The cars in the employee parking lots outside these plants likely spew out far more particulate than the reactors themselves ever will.

    This brings me back to my alcohol analogy. (Radiation is like alcohol – a little doesn’t hurt, chronic use can be a problem, and a massive overdose can kill you.) My analogy pertains to overall radiation dose from nuclear power. (It does not concern general fine air particulate, which isn’t a nuclear issue.) Because the amount of radiation that US/ W. Europe plants are exposing the public to on a routine basis every day is so very, very, small, I'd say the equivalent in my analogy would be a single drop of wine a day, or less. For that involuntary dose, nuclear reactors provide 20% of the US electric supply, and significantly more in some European countries.

    Regarding other replacement power sources, doing the math on how much power is actually needed is important. Western civilization uses a really, really huge amount of power every minute. Fossil-burning and nuclear are currently the only compact and efficient ways known of generating all this energy. It would take roughly 1000 of the largest windmills currently made to equal the output of a single typical US nuclear reactor - and there are about 100 such reactors. Other alternatives, such as geothermal, photovoltaic solar, and biomass, have equally daunting statistics. This doesn’t mean replacement can’t be done, or it shouldn’t be done - - but it’s not simple or cheap, and it will come with its own set of problems. While there are clearly large corporate and government concerns with a vested interest in the major energy supplies of fossil fuels and coal, there are also very practical reasons why these are currently the energy sources we depend on.

    The number one energy goal should always be conservation – the cheapest, safest energy is that which you don’t use. We don’t stress that nearly enough – or we talk about it, but don’t do anything. (I’m as guilty as everyone else on that point.)

    There are, of course, some negative aspects to nuclear power, just as there are with any energy source. For each energy source, the positive and negative aspects need to be fully understood and compared with the benefits (risk vs. reward). I fear much of our public dialog doesn’t do this. Instead, generalized assumptions based on limited knowledge often seem to drive political posturing. This ultimately makes real solutions harder to develop and to sell to the public.

    However, in the public’s defense, I know it is hard for a non-scientist to find any good info on the energy topic that isn't propaganda for one side or the other. I'm hoping my book Rad Decision will fill this void a bit. In the story, both sides of the nuclear energy debate will find things to agree with, and to ponder. And they’ll see a portrait of nuclear power you can’t get anywhere else. In the process, I cover the idiocy of Chernobyl, the event at Three Mile Island, and some other incidents you’ve never heard of. (Based on our discussion, you might find Episode 9 to be of particular interest.)

    Good luck in your ongoing energy adventures. I encourage everyone to look into this critical issue. I also advise one and all to be wary of those who claim to have all the answers, or who maintain that any particular energy source is intrinsically bad/evil or good/clean. It’s a very, very complex issue without a neat, easy solution. In other words - sort of like life in general.

    Regards,

    James Aach
    20+ years in the energy biz
    RadDecision.blogspot.com

    By Blogger James Aach, at 2:24 AM  

  • James,

    Thank you so much for the information you provide here, I now have more research to do and I look forward to your book that will hopefully fill in some of the gaps. You are right that it is difficult for us non-scientists to find accurate, unbiased information and that often leads to conclusions that may seem logical, but yet may not be scientifically sound. I confess that I am likely a victim of that and, like I said, I end up relying on my gut instinct that may or may not lead me to the proper conclusion.

    I also agree that this is a topic not discussed openly and rationally, instead the debate takes place amongst those with a vested interest in coming out on top. There is no one solution to our energy problem and until we are ready and willing to use less, the search for the “magic bullet” will continue to take on greater urgency, likely leading to solutions that are less than ideal. Doing nothing is no longer an option, but most of us would like to see an all encompassing solution and a debate that does not center of which energy source is best, but rather on diversifying our energy sources based on conservation and slowly converting to the forms of energy with the least negative impact. That debate may be going on, but if it is, it sure isn’t reaching the public’s ears.

    By Blogger The (liberal)Girl Next Door, at 2:59 PM  

  • Your second paragraph describes the current situation very well - particularly our tendency to look for a "magic bullet" and how that just keeps making things worse.

    Best of luck in your ongoing research, and I hope a lot of folks join you, so that we can begin to grapple with energy issues for real and insist that our leaders do the same. (Starting with conservation, of course.)

    Regards,

    James Aach

    By Blogger James Aach, at 2:18 PM  

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